In its default configuration, the desktop has a launcher menu for quick access to installed programs and file locations open windows may be accessed by a taskbar along the bottom of the screen, and the top-right corner features a notification area for programs to display notices while running in the background. Its handling of windows, applications and files is similar to that of contemporary desktop operating systems. GNOME is designed around the traditional computing desktop metaphor. It is an international project that includes creating software development frameworks, selecting application software for the desktop, and working on the programs that manage application launching, file handling, and window and task management. It was created by two Mexican programmers, Miguel de Icaza and Federico Mena. It is a graphical user interface that runs on top of a computer operating system composed entirely of free and open source software. X is built as an additional (application) abstraction layer on top of the operating system kernel. As such, the visual styling of X-based environments varies greatly different programs may present radically different interfaces. X does not mandate the user interface - individual client programs known as window managers handle this. X provides the basic framework, or primitives, for building such GUI environments: drawing and moving windows on the screen and interacting with a mouse and keyboard. In its standard distribution, it is a complete, albeit simple, display and human interface solution, which also delivers a standard toolkit and protocol stack for building graphical user interfaces on most Unix-like operating systems and OpenVMS, and has been ported to many other contemporary general purpose operating systems. It provides windowing on computer displays and manages keyboard and pointing device control functions. It creates a hardware abstraction layer where software is written to use a generalized set of commands, allowing for device independence and reuse of programs on any computer that implements X. The X Window System is a computer software system and network protocol that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for networked computers.

For many in the Linux community, diversity if the key to opportunity for new ideas. The Linux environment has many desktop environments to choose from and often they are not compatible. Thus, in the Linux environment there are usually many solutions instead of just one from vendors like Microsoft. This has allowed many different ideas to emerge on how to develop software. The Linux environment is mostly based on open source software. Learning objective: Explain the role of the GUI and its relation to applications in Linux

The Linux GUI Experience The Linux GUI Experience

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